Hydrogen Vehicles & Green Hydrogen Economy

This subsection provides an introduction to fuel cell vehicles, explaining the basic operating principles and major components.

Learning Outcomes: • Explain basic operation of a fuel cell and how it generates electricity • Understand how a fuel cell powers an electric motor in a vehicle • Identify key components like hydrogen tanks, power control units, and batteries • Recognize need for balance of plant components like cooling systems

This subsection discusses key performance criteria for evaluating fuel cell vehicles, such as range, refueling time, acceleration, power, durability, and reliability.

This subsection covers the different methods and technologies used for onboard hydrogen storage in fuel cell vehicles.

This subsection explains the key components and process involved in refueling hydrogen vehicles at hydrogen stations.

This subsection highlights forthcoming hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models from major automotive brands.

Subsection Learning Outcomes: • Recognize various light duty and commercial hydrogen models in development • Identify automakers investing in fuel cell vehicle technology • Understand the expanding portfolio of fuel cell vehicles coming to market

This subsection discusses relevant standards, codes, and regulations related to deploying hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

This subsection discusses different energy management strategies used in fuel cell hybrid vehicles to optimize overall performance and efficiency.

This subsection covers the evolution of fuel cell vehicle powertrain architectures from simple to complex hybrid designs.

This subsection explores how fuel cells are used in power generation. It discusses their advantages over traditional power plants, such as higher efficiency, lower emissions, and reliability. The applications of fuel cells in commercial, industrial, and residential power generation are discussed.

This subsection focuses on the application of fuel cells in cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). It explores how fuel cells can generate both electricity and heat simultaneously, increasing overall energy efficiency. The advantages and challenges of fuel cell cogeneration systems are discussed.

This subsection explores the application of fuel cells in transportation, including automobiles, buses, and motorcycles. It discusses the advantages of fuel cell vehicles, such as higher mileage and lower emissions. The challenges and advancements in fuel cell transportation are also discussed.

This subsection focuses on the application of fuel cells in the aerospace industry. It explores how fuel cells are used in aircraft, drones, and space missions. The advantages and challenges of fuel cells in aerospace applications are discussed

This subsection explores the application of fuel cells in portable power systems. It discusses how fuel cells are used in recreational vehicles, industrial settings, and military applications for reliable power supply. The advantages and challenges of fuel cell-based portable power systems are discussed.

This subsection provides an overview of the working principles of fuel cells, including the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. It explains the structure of fuel cells and the electrochemical reactions that take place at the electrodes.

This subsection explores the electrochemical reactions that take place within fuel cells. It explains the oxidation of fuel at the anode and the reduction of oxidant at the cathode. The role of catalysts and the different types of fuel cell electrolytes are also discussed.

This subsection focuses on the concept of reversible cell potential in fuel cells. It explains the relationship between reversible cell potential and electron flow, using an analogy of a waterfall height. The factors that influence reversible cell potential are also discussed.

This subsection explores the effects of temperature and pressure on the reversible cell potential in fuel cells. It explains how higher temperatures can enhance reaction kinetics and improve electrode performance. The relationship between pressure, reactant concentration, and reversible cell potential is also discussed.

This subsection focuses on the different types of energy losses in fuel cells and their impact on overall efficiency. The factors that contribute to energy losses, such as reactant concentration, catalyst performance, and resistance, are discussed.

In this section, we will explore the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), which offers a clean and efficient way to produce electricity. We will discuss the advantages of SOFCs, the challenges of operating at high temperatures, the structure of a typical SOFC, and its various applications.

In this section, we will discuss the Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) technology. We will cover the unique features and advantages of PAFCs, the working principle and reactions involved, the structure of a PAFC, and its applications in stationary power generation and auxiliary power units (APUs).

This section focuses on the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), a widely studied and utilized fuel cell technology. We will explore its advantages, the working principle and reactions involved, the structure of a PEMFC, and its applications in transportation.

In this section, we will discuss the Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell (AFC), an emerging fuel cell technology. We will explore its unique features and advantages, the working principle and reactions involved, the structure of an AFC, and its potential applications.

This section focuses on the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), a high-temperature fuel cell technology. We will discuss its operating temperature, the molten carbonate electrolyte, the working principle, reactions involved, structure, and applications of MCFCs.

This sub-section focuses on the methods of hydrogen production, including steam methane reforming, coal gasification, electrolysis, high-temperature electrolysis, thermochemical conversion, and industrial by-products. Learners will explore the advantages, challenges, and environmental impacts associated with each production method, and gain a comprehensive understanding of hydrogen generation.

This sub-section explores different methods of transporting hydrogen, including trucks, trains, and barges; pipelines; and chemical carriers. Learners will understand the characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each transport method, and gain insights into the importance of efficient and safe hydrogen transportation in facilitating the adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier.

Hydrogen storage is a critical aspect of the hydrogen economy. This sub-section delves into various storage methods, including cryogenic storage, underground storage, compressed hydrogen storage, metal hydride storage, and surface adsorption. Learners will explore the advantages, challenges, and considerations of each storage method and understand the importance of proper hydrogen storage for maintaining availability.

Regulations, codes, and standards play a crucial role in ensuring the safe and effective use of hydrogen technologies. This sub-section highlights the hierarchy of regulations and standards and explores specific codes and standards relevant to hydrogen technologies. Learners will recognize the significance of compliance and safety in the hydrogen industry.

This sub-section focuses on the optimization of hydrogen supply chains, covering design, planning, scheduling, and control. Learners will gain insights into the complexity of managing the hydrogen supply chain, including considerations for network configuration, production planning, inventory management, transportation decisions, and sustainability. The sub-section emphasizes the importance of holistic and sustainable approaches to hydrogen supply chain management.

This case study explores the concept of residential hydrogen fueling systems as an innovative solution to the limited availability of hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The focus is on a specific residential fueling system that utilizes solar photovoltaic panels for renewable hydrogen production through electrolysis. The design, safety features, storage capacity, and refueling process are discussed in detail, emphasizing the convenience and flexibility these systems offer to individual homeowners

This case study focuses on a commercial hydrogen fueling station designed for the city of Santa Monica, California. The aim of this project was to create a reproducible and scalable station that can be replicated in other cities worldwide. The design considerations, sources of renewable hydrogen, delivery options, site selection, safety measures, and major components of the fueling station are discussed in detail.

This sub-section discusses the concept of green hydrogen and its potential as a solution for decarbonizing energy systems.

It explores the current production methods of blue hydrogen and the more environmentally friendly process of electrolysis used for green hydrogen production.

This sub-section focuses on the future prospects of hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) in the transportation sector. It discusses the advantages and challenges of HFCEVs compared to battery electric vehicles (BEVs).

This sub-section explores alternative energy storage mechanisms that go beyond fuel cells. It discusses the role of battery storage, pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage (CAES), flywheel energy storage, and thermal energy storage in achieving a more sustainable energy system.

This sub-section analyzes the economics and cost comparisons of hydrogen production, delivery, and end-use applications. It explores the levelized cost of hydrogen production through different methods, delivery costs, and the per-mile costs of fuel cell electric vehicles.

This sub-section examines the public perception and adoption challenges associated with hydrogen as an energy carrier. It discusses common misconceptions, the need for public awareness and education, and the importance of crafting effective messaging and branding.