Welcome to the Fundamentals of Software Testing course, This is the course that covers everything that you need to know about software Testing in the IT industry or everything any software tester should be aware of.
In this course you will learn all the fundamentals that you need to know about Software Testing from basics to more advanced concepts, so by the end of the course you will have a thorough idea of what actual software testing is and how software testing is carried out in the Real life IT projects.
if you have been searching for a comprehensive, Easy to follow and well-organized, and practical course that takes you from zero to hero then this is the right Software Testing course for you.
no prior knowledge of Testing is needed to take this course. Everything you need is right here so you don’t need to jump back and forth between the random tutorial.
We will start with understanding the Software Testing phase of SDLC, what activities are part of this phase, and all the challenges of the testing phase.
then will move towards Testing in deep where we will understand the basics of testing including different testing methods, Different Testing levels and then we will cover the different types of testing,
Course Curriculum :
Software Testing in the SDLC process
Software Testing Phase of SDLC
Challenges of the Software Testing Phase in the SDLC Process
Software Testing Methods
Manual Testing
Automated Testing
Continuous Testing
Black box testing
Grey Box Testing
Whitebox testing
Software Testing Levels
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
Types of Software Testing
Functional Testing
manual testing
Load Testing
Performance Testing
Security Testing
Integration Testing
Usability Testing
Compatibility Testing
Regression Testing
Sanity Testing
Accessibility Testing
Unit Testing
System Testing
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Non-functional Testing
QA Testing | quality assurance
API Testing
AB Testing
Globalization Testing
Compliance Testing
Exploratory Testing
Automation Testing
along the way, I will explain each and every concept involved in the software testing we will learn what, why, and how each concept is.
In this course, I assume you know absolutely nothing about Software Testing, and that’s perfectly fine because I am going to cover software testing from scratch.
All these things we will learn via the Real Life examples and case studies. All of the above things are covered in just over 14+ hours of high-quality content. This is equivalent to a book with more than a thousand pages! in a very clear and concise manner doesn’t waste a single minute of your precious time!
You’re not going to get this information in One Place Anywhere over the Web.
And on top of all these, you’ll get:
Closed-captions generated by a human, not a computer! Currently, only the first few sections have closed captions but new captions are being added every week.
Offline access: if you are traveling or have a slow connection, you can download the videos and watch them offline.
Downloadable resource
PREREQUISITES
There is no such Prerequisite for this course anybody who has an interest in learning the Software development process can take up this course. We will learn everything from scratch in this course.
30-DAY FULL MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE
This course comes with a 30-day full money-back guarantee. Take the course, watch every lecture, and do the exercises, and if you are not happy for any reason, contact Udemy for a full refund within the first 30 days of your enrolment. All your money back, no questions asked.
ABOUT YOUR INSTRUCTOR
I am Yogesh and I am going to be your instructor for this course. I am a software engineer with decades of experience working in Multinational IT companies. Till now I have taught thousands of students about Software development and the life Cycle.
if you follow along with me in this course, It’s my promise to you that you will have end-to-end knowledge of Software testing.
Are you ready to jumpstart your career in Software testing Hit the enroll button and let’s get started.
Types of Testing
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2Software Testing Phase of SDLC
As we know Software development is about problem solving, Till the testing phase we have spent enough time in solving the problem by developing the solution via application or system
The testing phase is the real time in SDLC process where software applications or systems are tested to identify defects, errors, or bugs before they are deployed or released to end-users. This phase aims to ensure that the software meets the specified requirements, functions as intended, and is reliable and robust.
it is well said that "The key to successful software engineering is regular, systematic testing." - John Ousterhout
The testing phase typically starts after the completion of the development phase, where the software is developed based on the requirements and design specifications. It is important to note that nowadays testing can occur concurrently with development in an iterative or agile SDLC approach we will see these approaches in detail in the upcoming session.
Testing is a vast and important process, it follows its own lifecycle which is called as STLC that is software testing lifecycle
It will have several phases and multiple activities getting carried out at each phase of STLC.
so let us have a detailed look at the STLC.
Test Planning: This involves defining the testing objectives, scope, test strategy, and test plan. It includes identifying what needs to be tested, selecting appropriate testing techniques, and allocating resources.
Test Case Development: Test cases are created based on the requirements and design documents. Test cases are specific scenarios or steps that need to be executed to validate the functionality of the software. These cases cover both positive and negative scenarios to ensure thorough testing.
Test Environment Setup: Setting up the test environment involves configuring the hardware, software, and network infrastructure necessary for testing. This includes installing the required software versions, creating test databases, and replicating the production environment as closely as possible.
Test Execution: The developed test cases are executed on the software under test. The actual results are compared with the expected results to identify discrepancies or defects. Defects are logged, and the testing team works closely with the development team to resolve them.
Defect Management and Retesting: When defects are discovered during test execution, they are reported, assigned, and tracked through the defect management process. Development teams address the reported defects, fix the issues, and release new software versions or patches. Retesting is performed to verify that the reported defects have been resolved and that the software functions correctly after the fixes.
Regression Testing: Whenever changes or fixes are made to the software, regression testing is performed to ensure that the modifications have not introduced new defects or caused any existing functionality to break.
Test Reporting: The testing phase generates reports summarizing the testing activities, including test coverage, defects found, and their resolution status. These reports help stakeholders assess the quality of the software and make informed decisions.
Test Closure: The test closure phase involves evaluating the testing process and deliverables against the defined objectives. Testers assess the test coverage, test completion criteria, and the overall effectiveness of the testing effort. Test closure activities also include archiving the test assets, documenting lessons learned, and conducting post-mortem meetings to gather feedback and identify areas for improveme nt.
In the field of software testing, there are three important concepts to understand that is
testing methods,
testing types, and
testing levels.
As per the requirements, needs, and situations the different testing methods, types, and levels will be selected and testing will be carried out.
While these terms may seems similar, they refer to different aspects of the testing process. Many people use it interchangeably, but they are different, in the upcoming session we will understand it well.
Now let us try to understand who will be a part of the testing
Testers/QA Engineers: Testers are responsible for executing test cases, identifying defects, and verifying that the software meets the specified requirements. They perform various types of testing, such as functional, performance, security, and usability testing.
Test Lead/Manager: The test lead or manager oversees the testing activities. They coordinate with other team members, prioritize testing tasks, allocate resources, and ensure that the testing process is on track. They may also be involved in test planning, strategy, and reporting.
Business Analysts: Business analysts work closely with stakeholders and end-users to understand the requirements and translate them into testable scenarios and test cases. They collaborate with testers to ensure that the software meets the business's needs.
Developers: Developers may also be involved in the testing phase. They assist in creating unit tests and may be responsible for fixing defects found during testing. Developers and testers often collaborate to resolve issues and ensure the software functions as intended.
Test Automation Engineers: Test automation engineers develop and maintain automated test scripts and frameworks to streamline the testing process. They leverage tools and technologies to automate repetitive tests and improve efficiency.
Subject Matter Experts (SMEs): SMEs possess domain-specific knowledge and provide insights into the testing process. They validate the software against the domain requirements and ensure it aligns with industry standards and best practices.
Project Managers: Project managers may play a role in the testing phase to monitor progress, track defects, and ensure that the testing activities are completed within the allocated time and budget.
Now coming to the output of this phase :
Several artifacts are generated to document the testing activities and provide a comprehensive understanding of the testing process. These artifacts serve as valuable references for future maintenance, auditing, and knowledge transfer purposes. The common artifacts generated during the testing phase include:
Test Plan: A test plan outlines the overall approach, scope, objectives, and resources required for the testing activities. It includes details about the test strategy, test levels, test types, and entry and exit criteria for each phase of testing.
Test Cases: Test cases are detailed instructions or steps to be followed to validate specific functionalities or scenarios of the software. They contain inputs, expected outputs, and any preconditions or postconditions necessary for the test execution.
Test Scripts: Test scripts are sets of automated instructions or code that automate the execution of test cases. They are typically used in automated testing tools or frameworks to streamline the testing process and enhance efficiency.
Test Data: Test data refers to the inputs or datasets used to execute the test cases. It includes sample data, boundary values, error conditions, and other relevant data required to cover different scenarios and validate the software's behavior.
Test Results: Test results document the outcomes and observations from executing the test cases. They include details about passed tests, failed tests, and any defects or issues encountered during testing. Test results provide an overview of the software's current state and progress.
Defect Reports: Defect reports or bug reports are created for documenting and tracking any issues or defects found during testing. They include information about the defect, steps to reproduce it, severity, priority, and other relevant details. Defect reports facilitate the communication and resolution of identified issues between testers and developers.
Test Logs: Test logs capture detailed information about the testing activities, including test execution time, test environment configurations, and any issues or observations encountered during testing. Test logs help in troubleshooting, analyzing, and reproducing specific testing scenarios.
Test Summary Reports: Test summary reports provide an overall summary of the testing activities, including the number of tests executed, passed, and failed. They highlight the major findings, key metrics, and recommendations for further actions or improvements.
Traceability Matrix: A traceability matrix establishes a relationship between requirements, test cases, and defects. It ensures that each requirement is adequately covered by the corresponding test cases and enables tracking of the progress and completeness of the testing effort.
Test Closure Report: A test closure report summarizes the testing phase's activities, accomplishments, challenges, and lessons learned. It provides an assessment of the overall test coverage, defect trends, and recommendations for future testing endeavors.
These artifacts collectively document the testing process, enable traceability, and ensure transparency and accountability in the testing phase of the SDLC.
On top of all these, the Testing phase will provide the Testing sign-offs which covers what all kinds of applicable testing carried out for example : from the project testing team side the QA sign-off will be provided and from the Business side or client side or Users side the UAT sign-off will be provided. from security team side security testing sign off will be gathered all the relevant signs off will gathered
this testing sign-off serves as Green signal to proceed with the next step of sdlc
So this is all about the Testing phase of SDLC.
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3Challenges of Software Testing Phase of SDLC
The testing phase has its own challenges , and being aware of these challenges helps us to manage this phase efficiently and effectively. Hence in this session, We will understand the most common challenges encountered during the testing phase,
Time and Resource Constraints: Limited timeframes and insufficient resources can pose challenges to thorough testing and may result in inadequate coverage or missed defects. This is a very common challenge that most of the testing team faces.
Changing Requirements: When requirements change during the development process, it can impact the testing phase. with every change in requirement there is the need of retesting the things which were tested before.
during testing there is a need for careful coordination between the development and testing teams to ensure all changes are properly tested. 3. Complex Systems: Testing comp lex software systems with multiple interdependencies and integrations can be challenging. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the system architecture and careful planning to ensure all scenarios are adequately tested.
You would have experienced this, usually, tester people are not aware of end-to-end functionality they depend on the developer to explain the functionality, Here developer will explain to them his story and the tester will test accordingly, this is the point where some testing scenarios are missed for testing. So tester should have end-to-end knowledge of the system for effective testing
Test Environment Setup: Creating and maintaining test environments that closely resemble the production environment can be challenging, especially for large-scale or distributed systems.
Test Data: Testing requires data to be fed into the software, and obtaining the right amount and quality of test data can be a challenge
Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication and collaboration between the development and testing teams are crucial for successful testing. Miscommunication or lack of collaboration can lead to misunderstandings, delays, or missed defects.
Regression Testing: As software evolves and changes over time, it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure that the changes have not impacted existing functionality. This requires extensive regression testing.
Defect Tracking: Keeping track of all defects found during testing and ensuring they are properly addressed can be a challenge.
Maintaining Test Cases: Keeping test cases up-to-date as the software evolves can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.
Test Automation: Automating tests can be complex and may require specialized skills and resources.
So these are very common and most faced challenges during the testing phase. Keeping an eye on them and addressing them in the early stages will be the key to meeting the delivery timeline of the software project.
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4Testing Methods used in Software Testing
Welcome to this exciting session in understanding software Testing! Today, we'll dive deep into the diverse world of testing methods or methodologies at our disposal. Testing methods are like powerful tools in our testing arsenal. They are the secret recipes that guide us in verifying and validating software, ensuring its quality and reliability. Let's uncover some of the most prominent testing methods that make this magic happen:
Manual Testing: Picture yourself as the Sherlock Holmes of software testing, meticulously examining every nook and cranny of the application. Manual testing involves human testers executing test cases and verifying the software's behavior manually. it needs human intervention to execute test cases, catch bugs, and validate software functionality. Testers interact with the software as end-users would, performing various actions and observing the results. Manual testing is subjective and dependent on human expertise.
It's the art of putting your detective skills to work.
Automated Testing:
Imagine having an army of tireless robots at your command, executing repetitive tests with lightning speed and accuracy. Automated testing employs specialized software tools to script and run tests, reducing human effort and boosting efficiency. It's like having your own testing army!
Continuous Testing:
Continuous testing is a Method derived from the CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) method. It involves automating the building and deployment of code as soon as a developer pushes his changes to the release branch. Essentially, CI/CD is a technique that enables frequent app delivery to customers by introducing automation into various stages of app development.
When it comes to deploying software, testing becomes a crucial step. This is where continuous testing comes into play. Imagine a conveyor belt where software undergoes a series of quality checks at each stage of the development process. Continuous testing seamlessly integrates testing activities into the software delivery pipeline, ensuring thorough testing of every update, change, or addition. It facilitates faster feedback and maintains high-quality standards throughout the development lifecycle.
Continuous testing involves running automated tests throughout the software development process. Its goal is to provide rapid feedback on software quality, detect and address issues early on, and foster collaboration between developers and testers. By integrating testing into the continuous integration and delivery pipeline, continuous testing enhances software quality, minimizes defect risks, and enables faster time to market. It relies on test automation tools and frameworks to create a comprehensive suite of tests that guarantee the software meets the desired quality standards.
Black-box Testing: Imagine a . Black box testing focuses on examining the software's external behavior without considering its internal stru cture or implementation details. It's like solving a puzzle without knowing what's inside, ensuring the software functions as expected from a user's perspective.
Black-box testing focuses on testing the software's functionality without having knowledge of the interior workings of the application
The tester will not have knowledge of the system architecture and design and does not have access to source code.
Typically while performing a black box test, a tester will interact with the system's user interface by providing the inputs and examining the outputs without knowing how and where the inputs are worked upon.
White-box Testing: White box testing is the detail-level testing of the internal logic and structure of the code. White box testing is also called glass box testing or open box testing. Tester who does white box testing must have knowledge of the internal workings and have access to the source code and use it to develop test cases that target specific paths or conditions within the software.
Here in this testing method the tester will even look inside the source code and find out which unit or chunk of code is behaving appropriately. 6. Grey-box Testing: Grey-box testing combines the best of both black-box and white-box testing.
In this technique, the tester will have limited knowledge about the internal workings of the applications
Unlike black box testing where the tester only tests the application user interface, in grey box testing tester have knowledge and access to design documents and database. With the help of this knowledge, a tester can prepare better test data and test scenarios while making the test plan
SO this is all about the Testing methods in software Testing based on the project needs and requirements the particular testing methodologies will be employed
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5Testing Levels in Software Testing
Testing levels represent the different stages or phases of the software development lifecycle at which testing is performed.You can see it in this picture, how the testing is performed at each stage of sdlc, If we want to see how from start to end the testing levels are used in SDLC then that will looks something like this .
at the early stage Unit testing then Integration testing then system testing and then acceptance testing. these four levels are widely used but there are few more level which we are going to see in this session
Each testing level has a specific purpose and scope of testing.
The commonly recognized testing levels are:
Unit Testing: Unit testing is performed at the lowest level, now lowest level in the software can be a code level right, so unit testing majorly performs at the code level. but it is again not restricted to only code level it also focuses on testing individual components or units of the software in isolation. It verifies the functionality of each unit and helps identify defects early in the development process.
Usually code level Unit testing is performed by the developers, each developer is responsible for carrying out unit testing on the module, part, or code on which he works upon. Thorough Unit testing is performed before the code is handed over to the testing team to formally execute the test cases.
once the code is handed over to the QA team, they will carry out the testing on the individual components or units of the software in isolation.
The objective of this unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and show that individual component functions correctly in terms of requirement and functionality.
**Integration Testing:
In Unit testing, we have verified the** individual components or units of the software in isolation. but how to verify if this individual component works properly together, for that verification integration testing will help. ****Integration testing verifies the interactions and interfaces between different units or components of the software. It ensures that the integrated units work together seamlessly and identifies any defects that may arise from their integration. Integration testing can be done in two ways: Bottom-up integration testing and Top-down integration testing In a comprehensive software development environment, bottom-up testing is usually done first, followed by top-down testing. this process concludes with multiple tests of the complete application, preferably in scenarios designed to mimic actual situations. 3. System Testing: System testing evaluates the behavior and performance of the complete software system. It tests the software as a whole
Once all the components are integrated, the application as a whole is tested rigorously to see that it meets the specified quality standards This type of testing is performed by a specialized testing team.System testing has its own importance because : System testing is the first step in the software development life cycle where the application tested as a whole The application is tested thoroughly to verify that it meets the functional and technical specification
The application is tested in an environment that is very close to the production environment in terms of configurations where the application will be deployed
system testing enables us to test, verify, and validate both the business requirements as well as the application architecture.
Acceptance Testing:
Acceptance testing is a type of software testing performed to determine if a system meets the specified requirements and is ready for deployment. It is usually carried out to ensure that the software/application functions as expected and satisfies the needs of the end-users and stakeholders.
The primary purpose of acceptance testing is to validate the system's compliance with business requirements, user expectations, and any applicable regulations. By conducting acceptance testing, organizations can identify any discrepancies, defects, or issues before the software is deployed, reducing the risk of problems arising in a live environment.
Acceptance testing is typically performed by end-users or representatives from the business side of an organization, often referred to as "user acceptance testers" or "UAT testers." These individuals have a deep understanding of t he business processes and requirements that the software is expected to support. They are responsible for executing test scenarios and providing feedback on the system's functionality, usability, and overall suitability for their needs.
It helps to build confidence in the system's quality and can uncover any discrepancies or gaps that may have been missed during earlier stages of testing.
Regression Testing
Regression testing is another level of testing, which will come in to picture when we added, update, or upgraded the software application in any form.
As software evolves, new features are added, and existing functionality is modified. Regression testing ensures that modifications or enhancements do not introduce new defects or break existing functionality. It involves retesting previously tested functionalities to verify that they still work as expected. Regression testing can be time-consuming, but it is crucial to maintain the stability of the software product. The intent of regressing testing is to ensure that a change such as a bug fix should not result in another fault being uncovered in the application.
Alpha Testing :
This is an intermediate level of testing between QA Testing and UAT Testing you can say.
Alpha testing is the first end-to-end testing of a product carried out to ensure it meets the business requirements and functions correctly. It is a stage of testing that will be performed among the software development team or internal team
Unit testing, Integration testing, and system testing when combined together are known as alpha testing in simple words. Its objective is simply to make sure everything working as expected before giving the application to external users or clients to verify.
Beta Testing :
Beta testing is a type of software testing that takes place after alpha testing and involves releasing the software to a limited number of external users or customers. The primary objective of beta testing is to gather feedback from real users in real-world environments to uncover any remaining issues and evaluate the software's overall performance before its official release.
During beta testing, the software is made available to a diverse group of users who may have different backgrounds, skill levels, and usage patterns. These users are encouraged to explore the software, use it in their daily workflows, and provide feedback on their experiences. The feedback collected during beta testing helps identify any usability issues, bugs, or compatibility problems that may have been overlooked d uring earlier testing stages.
you might have seen chatGPT and google Bard these application carried out beta testing they didnt release application to all users at once, they first given access to some particular set of users only they gather the feedback from them , if they feel all is well they have relased it to worldwide masses.
Beta testing serves several purposes:
Real-World Evaluation: Beta testers use the software in their own environments, providing valuable insights into how the software performs under various conditions, hardware configurations, and usage scenarios.
Bug Identification: By involving a larger and more diverse user base, beta testing helps uncover a broader range of bugs or issues that may have been missed in previous testing stages. These bugs can then be addressed before the official release, improving the overall quality and reliab ility of the software.
Usability Assessment: Beta testers provide feedback on the software's user interface, ease of use, and overall user experience. This feedback helps identify areas that may require improvement or refinement to enhance user satisfaction.
Performance Evaluation: Beta testing helps evaluate the software's performance, stability, and scalability in re al-world conditions, allowing the development team to optimize the software for better efficiency and responsiveness.
Market Validation: Beta testing provides an opportunity to gauge user interest and acceptance of the software. Valuable feedback from beta testers can help refine marketing strategies, identify target audiences, and make any necessary adjustments to align the software with user expectations.
now there is a very thin line difference between UAT Testing and Beta testing
Here are some key differences between beta testing and UAT:
Timing: Beta testing occurs after the completion of internal testing stages, such as alpha testing, while UAT typically takes place towards the end of the development process, after system testing and functional testing.
Participants: Beta testing involves a diverse group of external users or customers, whereas UAT involves end-users or client representatives who have a direct interest in the software.
Environment: Beta testing is conducted in real-world environments, using different hardware and software configurations, whereas UAT is typically performed in a controlled environment, focusing on specific use cases and scenarios.
Objectives: Beta testing aims to gather feedback, identify bugs, and assess overall performance before the official release, while UAT focuses on validating whether the software meets the users' specific requirements and acceptance criteria.
Scope: Beta testing is generally broader in scope, targeting a larger user base and evaluating various aspects of the software, including usability and performance. UAT, on the other hand, is more focused on specific user requirements and ensuring the software meets those requirements.
So this is all about the Levels of testing in the software testing.
Conclusion
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6Types of Software Testing
The Testing phase is one of the important stages of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The purpose of this phase is to validate and verify that the software meets the specified requirements and functions as intended. This phase includes various testing activities, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. The goal is to identify and fix defects and errors in the software before it is delivered to the end-users. During the testing phase, the software is put through a series of tests to ensure its functionality, reliability, performance, and compatibility. The results of these tests are used to make decisions about the next steps in the development process. Ultimately, the objective of the testing phase is to deliver a high-quality, error-free software that meets the expectations of the end-users.
Testing is the most important Phase in SDLC life cycle to deliver the quality product.
When you are developing or coding the modules or part of the application ,you can carry out testing side by side ,but once your whole coding is completed, you need to hand over the final software to the testing team where they will carry out Quality Assurance testing that is QA Testing ,testing is of different types that is Functional testing To test all the functionalities Integration testing To test integration with Third party system tools and services Performance testing Testing the performance of the application. Load testing testing application by simulating multiple users accessing the program concurrently Penetration testing or PEN TEST testing application by simulating the cyber attacks on the system. and so on to make sure the software meets the functional and non functional requirements defined in the SRS
In this phase the bugs which testing team will raise needs to be logged and tracked, developers will fix those and deploy again ,this phase do need subsequent deployments.
Once you got the sign off from your testing team over the QA environments . The Software will be moved to the Stage environment where it will be released to the Business users for testing, that is called as UAT testing ,User acceptance testing where business team will verify application, against the requirement’s which they have given and if they feel that all their requirements are satisfied by the software means all is well then they will give sign off to move to the next Phase. i.e. deployment
The output of this phase is details sign offs of all kind of testing like QA testing ,UAT Testing, Pen testing etc.
"The key to successful software engineering is regular, systematic testing." - John Ousterhout
Types of Software TestingFunctional Testing
manual testing
Load Testing
Performance Testing
Security Testing
Integration Testing
Usability Testing
Compatibility Testing
Regression Testing
Sanity Testing
Accessibility Testing
Unit Testing
System Testing
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Non-functional Testing
QA Testing | quality assurance
API Testing
AB Testing
Globalization Testing
Compliance Testing
Exploratory Testing
Automation Testing
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7Functional Testing
Functional testing is a crucial type of software testing that focuses on verifying the functionality of a software application to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and functions as intended.
"Functional testing ensures that your software not only works but also works right.” "Coding brilliance is only half the battle; functional testing conquers the other half.”
This testing approach primarily evaluates the application from the end user's perspective and can be carried out either manually by testers or using automated testing tools.
During functional testing, the To determine the expected output, testers typically refer to either the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document or the acceptance criteria of user stories.
The primary objectives of functional testing are as follows:
User interface validation: Th is aspect ensures that the application's user interface (UI) adheres to the requirements and provides an intuitive and user-friendly experience.
Input validation: Functional testing verifies that the application handles both valid and invalid input correctly, preventing unexpected behavior or errors.
Business logic evaluation: This aspect ensures that the application accurately implements the specified business rules and processes, supporting the intended functionality.
Database integration testing: Functional testing validates that the application interacts correctly with the underlying database, ensuring proper storage and retrieval of data.
Error handling verification: This ensures that the application handles errors and exceptions appropriately, preventing crashes or unexpected behavior during usage.
For example, let's consider an e-commerce application. Functional testing for such an application would involve testing scenarios such as:
Product Search: Verifying that the search function returns accurate results and enables users to select and add products to their shopping cart.
Checkout process: Ensuring that the checkout process functions correctly, including entering payment and shipping information, calculating taxes and shipping charges accurately, and displaying a confirmation of the order.
Order history: Validating that the application correctly displays the user's order history and allows them to view and download invoices.
Functional testing plays a crucial role in identifying defects early in the development process, enabling the development team to address these issues before releasing the application to production. By thoroughly testing the functionality of the software, functional testing ensures a high-quality user experience for end-users.
Various tools are commonly used for functional testing, including:
Selenium: A widely-used open-source framework for automating web browsers, commonly employed for testing web applications.
JUnit: A unit testing framework for Java that facilitates the creation and execution of repeatable tests.
TestComplete: A comprehensive testing tool supporting functional, regression, and data-driven testing for a wide range of applications.
Appium: An open-source framework designed for mobile app testing, offering support for both Android and iOS platforms.
Cucumber: A tool for behavior-driven development (BDD) that allows tests to be written in a natural language format.
In conclusion, functional testing is a crucial aspect of software testing that ensures the proper functioning of an application by validating its functionality against specified requirements.
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8Load Testing
Load testing is a type of performance testing that focuses on assessing the behavior and performance of a system or application under expected and peak load conditions.
"Load testing: where software's strength meets real-world demands.”
The primary goal of load testing is to determine the system's ability to handle a specific workload and identify any performance issues or bottlenecks that may arise under heavy usage.
During load testing, the system is subjected to simulated user loads and concurrent transactions to evaluate its response time, throughput, resource utilization, and scalability.
"Load testing reveals the breaking point, so your software can be built even stronger.”
The key aspects addressed in load testing include:
Stressing the System: Load testing aims to stress the system to its limits by simulating a realistic or higher-than-usual workload. This helps identify the breaking points and performance limitations of the system.
Measuring Response Time: Load testing measures the response time of the system under different loads to ensure it remains within acceptable performance thresholds. It helps identify any delays or slowdowns that may impact the user experience.
Analyzing Resource Utilization: Lo ad testing assesses the system's resource utilization, such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network bandwidth, to determine if the system can handle the expected load without resource bottlenecks or saturation.
Assessing Scalability: Load testing helps evaluate the system's scalability by gradually increasing the load and measuring its ability to handle higher user volumes. It helps identify if the system can scale up or down as required.
Identifying Performance Issues: Load testing aims to uncover any performance issues, such as slow database queries, inefficient code, network congestion, or configuration problems, that may degrade the system's performance under load.
Load testing is often conducted using specialized load-testing tools that simulate the expected user load and generate reports and metrics for analysis. It helps organizations ensure that their systems can handle the anticipated user load and perform optimally even during peak usage periods.
"Load testing doesn't just prevent crashes; it guarantees a smooth journey for every user.”
By performing load testing, organizations can proactively identify performance bottlenecks, optimize system resources, and make necessary adjustments to enhance the system's performance, scalability, and user experience.
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9Performance Testing
Performance testing is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the performance characteristics and behavior of a system or application under various workloads and conditions. The primary goal of performance testing is to assess the system's responsiveness, scalability, stability, and resource usage in order to identify any performance issues or bottlenecks.
"Performance testing: where speed and stability unite for a seamless user experience.”
During performance testing, the system is tested under different scenarios, such as normal, peak, and stress loads, to measure and analyze its performance metrics. The key aspects addressed in performance testing include:
Response Time: Performance testing measures the response time of the system to user interactions or transactions. It helps determine if the system meets the required response time targets and identifies any delays or performance degradation.
Throughput: Performance testing assesses the system's throughput, which is the number of transactions or requests th e system can handle per unit of time. It helps evaluate the system's capacity to process a high volume of transactions effectively.
Scalability: Performance testing evaluates the system's ability to scale up or scale out to handle increased workloads. It helps identify if the system can accommodate growing user numbers or increased data volumes without significant degradation in performance.
Load Handling: Performance testing simulates different load conditions, including normal and peak loads, to assess how well the system can handle the expected user load. It helps identify any performance bottlenecks or limitations under specific load levels.
Stability and Resource Usage: Performance testing monitors the system's stability and resource utilization, such as CPU, memory, network bandwidth, and database queries, to ensure they remain within acceptable limits under varying workloads.
Performance testing can include different types of tests, such as load testing, stress testing, endurance testing, and spike testing, depending on the specific objectives and requirements of the system.
There is thin line of difference between Load Testing and Performance testing
Load testing focuses on assessing a system's performance under a specific load or user volume, aiming to find its breaking point. Performance testing has a broader scope, evaluating various performance aspects including response time, scalability, stability, reliability, and resource usage, under different conditions to ensure overall system quality and user experience. Load testing is a subset of performance testing, concentrating on capacity and load handling.
By performing performance testing, organizations can optimize system performance, identify and resolve performance bottlenecks, ensure scalability, and enhance the overall user experience. It helps ensure that the system performs well under expected workloads and provides a high level of performance and responsiveness to users.
"Performance testing isn't just about avoiding slowdowns; it's about delivering excellence consistently.”
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10Security Testing
Security testing is a type of software testing that focuses on identifying vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and potential security risks within a system or application.
"Security testing: is where vulnerabilities are discovered before the hackers do.” "In the realm of software, security testing is the guardian that keeps the digital fortress impenetrable.”
The main objective of security testing is to ensure that the system's data, functionality, and resources are protected against unauthorized access, manipulation, and misuse.
Security testing involves assessing the system's ability to resist attacks, protect sensitive information, and maintain data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It typically includes various techniques and methodologies to identify security flaws and weaknesses, such as:
Vulnerability Scanning: Automated tools are used to scan the system for known vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the software, network configuration, or infrastructure.
Penetration Testing: Skilled security testers simulate real-world attacks to exploit system vulnerabilities and identify potential entry points for malicious actors. This helps uncover security flaws that may not be detected by automated scanning alone.
Security Code Review: The source code of the software is analyzed to identify any security vulnerabilities or insecure coding practices that could be exploited.
Security Configuration Testing: This involves reviewing and testing the system's configuration settings, such as access controls, authentication mechanisms, and encryption protocols, to ensure they are appropriately implemented.
Authentication and Authorization Testing: The testing process verifies that the system's authentication and authorization mechanisms function correctly and protect against unauthorized access.
Security Compliance Testing: This ensures that the system complies with industry standards, regulations, and best practices for security, such as PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).
By conducting security testing, organizations can identify and address potential security vulnerabilities before deploying the software or system, thereby reducing the risk of security breaches and protecting sensitive information.
"In the battle for digital safety, security testing is the armor that shields your software from threats.” and "Software that withstands security testing is the fortress that keeps sensitive information safe.”
Few tools which are used for security testing are Fortify ,Checkmarks, **Veracode, Burp Suite
these tools helps to perform SAST and DAST scan of the application**
SAST (Static Application Security Testing): SAST is a security testing method that analyzes the source code, bytecode, or binaries of an application to identify vulnerabilities and coding errors without executing the code.
DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing): DAST is a security testing method that assesses an application in its running state to find security vulnerabilities by simulating real-world attacks and interactions with the application.
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11Integration Testing
we have talked about integration testing in the Testing levels already in this session let us refresh and relearn some of the concepts :
Integration testing is a software testing technique in which individual units or components of a system are combined and tested as a group.
"Code that dances well alone may stumble in a group. Integration testing ensures it dances together.” "Integration testing is the puzzle-solving phase where pieces fit together to reveal the full picture.”
The purpose of integration testing is to identify any interface and integration issues between the components and ensure that they work together as a cohesive system.
During integration testing, different components are combined and tested to verify that the interactions between them are correct and that the output is as expected. It is usually performed after unit testing and before system testing.
There are several different approaches to integration testing, including bottom-up testing, top-down testing, and testing.
In bottom-up testing, individual units are tested first and then integrated and tested as a group. This approach is useful for verifying the interactions between low-level components and ensuring that they work correctly.
In top-down testing, the system is tested as a whole, starting with the highest-level components and working downwards. This approach is useful for verifying the overall functionality of the system and can help to identify any issues with the architecture or design.
In big-bang testing, all components are integrated and tested at once. This approach is typically used when there is a tight deadline or when the individual components are too complex to test in isolation.
Integration testing is an important part of the software development lifecycle (SDLC) as it helps to identify any integration issues early on in the development process, which can be more cost-effective and time-efficient to resolve. It also helps to ensure that the system meets its functional and non-functional requirements, and that it is ready for system testing.
It is also said that
"A software ecosystem is only as robust as its integration testing.”
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12Useability Testing
Usability testing is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the ease of use, user-friendliness, and overall user experience of a system or application.
Software's true worth is measured in clicks and smiles. Usability testing ensures both. Don't just build software; refine the experience through usability testing
The primary goal of usability testing is to assess how well the system meets the needs of its intended users and to identify any usability issues or obstacles that may hinder user interaction.
During usability testing, representative users are asked to perform specific tasks or scenarios while interacting with the system. The te sters observe and collect data on the users' actions, feedback, and overall satisfaction. The key aspects addressed in usability testing include:
Learnability: This measures how easily users can understand and learn to use the system. It assesses if the system provides clear instructions, intuitive navigation, and logical workflows.
Memorability: This aspect examines if users can remember how to use the system after a period of non-use. It assesses how well the system's interface and functionality stick in the users' memory.
Error Handling: Usability testing checks how the system handles user errors or incorrect inputs. It identifies if the system provides informative error messages, guidance to recover from errors, and minimizes the likelihood of user mistakes.
User Satisfaction: Usability testing measures the overall satisfaction and subjective experience of users while interacting with the system. It collects feedback on user preferences, and perceptions of the system's usefulness and ease of use.
Usability testing can be conducted through various methods, such as observation, interviews, surveys, and collecting quantitative and qualitative data. The findings from usability testing help identify areas of improvement and inform design changes to enhance the user experience.
By performing usability testing, organizations can ensure that their software or system is intuitive, user-friendly, and aligned with the expectations and needs of the target users.
"Software is only as good as its user experience. Usability testing elevates that experience.”
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13Compatibility Testing
Compatibility testing is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the compatibility of a system or application across different platforms, environments, operating systems, browsers, devices, or network configurations. The main objective of compatibility testing is to ensure that the software functions correctly and consistently across the intended target environments and provides a seamless user experience. Compatibility testing turns code into a global citizen, understood and embraced by all. means Compatibility testing is the art of making software's journey includes every device and user.
During compatibility testing, various combinations of platforms, devices, or configurations are tested to identify any compatibility issues or inconsistencies that may arise. The key aspects addressed in compatibility testing include:
Operating Systems: Testing the software on different operating systems (such as Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS) to ensure it works as expected and remains functional without any compatibility issu es.
Browsers: Verifying the compatibility of the software with different web browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer) to ensure consistent behavior and proper rendering of web pages.
Devices: Testing the software on various devices (such as desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones) to ensure it adapts to different screen sizes, resolutions, and hardware capabilities.
Network Configurations: Assessing the software's performance and functionality under different network conditions, such as different connection speeds, bandwidths, or network protocols.
Third-Party Software: Checking compatibility with third-party software or applications that the system may interact with, ensuring smooth integration and interoperability.
Hardware Configuration s: Testing the software across different hardware configurations to ensure it functions correctly with varying processor types, memory capacities, or peripheral devices.
Compatibility testing helps identify and resolve any issues or inconsistencies that may arise due to differences in platforms, environments, or configurations. It ensures that the software delivers a consistent user experience across different setups and minimizes the risk of user frustration or incompatibility-related failures.
By conducting compatibility testing, organizations can enhance customer satisfaction, broaden their target audience, and ensure their software or system works seamlessly across a wide range of platforms and configurations.
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14Regression Testing
Regression testing is a type of software testing that verifies that changes or modifications to a software application have not affected its existing functionality. The goal of regression testing is to ensure that the changes made to the application did not cause unintended consequences or bugs, and that the application continues to work as expected.
"Regression testing: where code's evolution is checked against its commitment to consistency.”
Regression testing is typically performed after changes have been made to the application, such as bug fixes, new features, or updates. The regression test suite includes a set of test cases that were previously run and passed on the application, as well as any new test cases that are relevant to the changes made.
Regression testing can be automated or manual, and can include various types of testing such as unit tests, integration tests, and system tests. The scope of regression testing depends on the nature and extent of the changes made to the application.
An example of regression testing:
A software development team is working on a web-based project management tool. A bug was fixed in the tool, which required changes to be made to the code. To ensure that the bug fix did not introduce new bugs or affect existing functionality, the team performs regression testing.
The team runs a set of test cases that were previously run and passed on the application, as well as any new test cases that are relevant to the bug fix. The test cases are designed to verify that the existing functionality of the tool, such as project creation, task assignment, and report generation, still works as expected after the changes were made.
Based on the results of the regression testing, the development team can determine if the bug fix was successful and if the changes did not affect existing functionality. If any issues are identified, they can be addressed and resolve d before the tool is released to production.
"Regression testing: where yesterday's perfection meets today's enhancements.”
By conducting regression testing, organizations can ensure that the software remains stable, reliable, and functional throughout the development lifecycle. It helps in maintaining the quality and integrity of the software by catching and addressing any regressions introduced during the change process.
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15Sanity Testing
Sanity testing, also known as smoke testing, is a type of software testing that aims to quickly evaluate the stability of a new build or release. You also would have seen when the code or build is deployed to production environment the Sanity testing will be carried out.
The purpose of sanity testing is to quickly assess whether a software application's critical functionalities, components, or areas have been affected by recent changes, fixes, or updates. It is a focused and shallow form of testing that aims to verify that the most vital parts of the application still work as expected after modifications have been made.
It is typically performed in the early stages of the testing process to quickly identify major issues or defects that could prevent the software from functioning properly.
The main characteristics of sanity testing are as follows:
1. Scope: Sanity testing focuses on a narrow and specific set of core functionalities or features of the software. It does not aim to provide exhaustive coverage of all functionalities but rather verifies critical areas that are vital for the software's basic functionality.
2. Time-Efficient: Sanity testing is designed to be a quick and brief check. It is not an in-depth or comprehensive test, and it should be completed within a short timeframe.
3. Confirmation: Sanity testing is performed to confirm that the most crucial functionalities are working as expected and that no major defects or showstoppers are present. It helps in gaining confidence that the software is stable enough to proceed with further testing.
4. Decision-Making: Based on the results of sanity testing, the decision is made whether to proceed with more detailed testing or to halt further testing and fix any critical issues found.
Sanity testing typically covers the core functionalities, critical workflows, and major components of the software. It does not delve into every aspect of the system but instead provides a quick check to ensure basic functionality is intact.
It is important to note that sanity testing is not a substitute for comprehensive testing, such as regression testing or functional testing. Instead, it acts as an initial check to identify any glaring issues before proceeding with more extensive testing efforts.
By performing sanity testing, organizations can quickly identify major defects or problems in the software, allowing them to make informed decisions on whether to proceed with further testing or to address critical issues first.
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16Accessibility Testing
n the world of technology, Accessibility testing creates a pathway to ensure equal opportunities for everyone. Accessibility testing is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the usability and accessibility of a system or application for individuals with disabilities. The objective of accessibility testing is to ensure that people with disabilities can effectively and efficiently use the software, regardless of their impairments or limitations.
"Accessibility testing: where software opens its doors to everyone, regardless of ability.” if you focus on accessibility means every user's experience matters, regardless of ability for you and that is great thing.
During accessibility testing, the software is assessed against established accessibility guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) or the Section 508 standards in the United States. The key aspects addressed in accessibility testing include:
Perceivability: Testing for the availability of alternative text for images, captions for videos, proper color contrast for text and background, and support for assistive technologies like screen readers.
Operability: Evaluating the ease of keyboard navigation and operability without the need for a mouse. Ensuring that all functionality, including form controls and interactive elements, can be accessed and operated using only the keyboard.
Understandability: Assessing the clarity and simplicity of content, providing clear instructions and error messages, and avoiding jargon or complex language that may pose barriers for users with cognitive impairments.
Robustness: Verifying the compatibility of the software with different assistive technologies, such as screen readers, screen magnifiers, and speech recognition software.
Accessibility testing may involve both automated testing tools and manual testing techniques. Automated tools can help identify certain accessibility issues, while manual testing is often necessary to assess the overall user experience and ensure compliance with accessibility guidelines.
By conducting accessibility testing, organizations can ensure that their software or application is inclusive and provides equal access and opportunity for individuals with disabilities. It helps in removing barriers and improving the usability and user experience for a broader range of users.
"Accessibility testing is the promise that your software is welcoming to every user.”
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17Unit Testing
"In the world of software, unit testing is the foundation on which excellence is built.” "Great software is the sum of great units. Unit testing ensures each unit shines.” Unit testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing individual units or components of a system or application. The purpose of unit testing is to verify the correctness and functionality of these units in isolation, ensuring that they work as intended.
During unit testing, each unit or component is tested independently, typically at the code level, to validate its behavio r and functionality. The key aspects of unit testing include:
Isolation: Unit testing isolates individual units from the rest of the system, treating them as independent entities. This allows for focused testing and easier identification of defects or issues within the unit.
Granularity: Unit testing focuses on testing small, atomic units of code, such as functions, methods, or classes. It aims to test the smallest testable parts of the system to ensure they perform correctly.
Independence: Unit testing is independent of external dependencies or interactions with other units. It often uses test doubles or mock objects to simulate the behavior of dependencies and provide controlled testing environments.
Automation: Unit testing is typically automated using unit testing frameworks and tools. Automated tests can be easily executed and repeated, ensuring consistent and efficient testing of units.
Coverage: Unit testing aims to achieve high code coverage by testing various paths and scenarios within the unit. It helps identify and address potential defects early in the development process.
Unit testing is an integral part of the Test-Driven Development (TDD) approach, where tests are written before writing the actual code. It promotes code quality, early bug detection, and enables refactoring with confidence.
By performing unit testing, developers can verify the correctness of individual units, validate their functionality, and ensure that they work in isolation as intended. Unit testing helps improve code quality, maintainability, and overall software reliability.
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18System Testing
System testing is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the behavior and functionality of a complete and integrated system.
"In the world of development, system testing is the final dress rehearsal before the software's big debut.” "System testing is where the software's grand performance takes center stage.”
It aims to validate that all components of the system work together as expected and meet the specified requirements.
During system testing, the entire system is tested as a whole to ensure that it functions correctly and performs as intended in its operational environment. The key aspects addressed in system testing include:
End-to-End Testing: System testing verifies the end-to-end functionality of the system by testing the interactions and flow of data between various components, modules, or subsystems.
Business Processes: System testing validates that the system supports the defined business processes and workflows, ensuring that it meets the requirements and expectations of the stakeholders.
System Integration: System testing assesses the integration and compatibility of different modules, interfaces, and external systems to ensure smooth communication and data exchange.
Data Integrity: System testing ensures the integrity and accuracy of data throughout the system. It involves testing data input, processing, storage, retrieval, and output to verify consistency and correctness.
Performance and Reliability: System testing evaluates the performance, reliability, and stability of the system under normal and peak loads. It helps identify any performance bottlenecks, errors, or crashes that may occur during system operation.
Security and Compliance: System testing includes testing for security vulnerabilities, access controls, and compliance with security standards or regulations to ensure the system's protection against unauthorized access or data breaches.
System testing is typically performed after component or unit testing and integration testing. It helps ensure that the system functions as a cohesive unit and meets the overall business requirements and user expectations.
By conducting system testing, organizations can gain confidence in the overall system functionality, performance, and reliability. It helps identify any potential issues or gaps in the system before its deployment or release, allowing for necessary fixes and improvements.
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19User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
UAT testing is the Users final stamp of approval that transform the code into solution
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the system's suitability for end-users or stakeholders. The primary goal of UAT is to ensure that the system meets the business requirements, functions as expected, and satisfies the needs of its intended users.
"Code that survives UAT testing is the manifestation of a successful collaboration between developers and users.”
During UAT, end-users or representatives from the user community perform testing on the system using real-world scenarios and data. The key aspects addressed in UAT include:
Business Validation: UAT validates that the system aligns with the business requirements, objectives, and processes. It ensures that the system supports the intended business functions and workflows.
User Experience: UAT assesses the system from the user's perspective, evaluating its usability, intuitiveness, and overall user experience. It aims to identify any user interface issues, navigational challenges, or areas of confusion.
Real-World Scenarios: UAT involves executing test cases or scenarios that reflect typical or specific user interactions with the system. It helps ensure that the system behaves as expected in various real-world situations.
Data Accuracy: UAT verifies the accuracy and integrity of data within the system, ensuring that it is correctly processed, stored, retrieved, and displayed. It helps identify any data-related issues or inconsistencies.
Compatibility: UAT checks the system's compatibility with different hardware, software, browsers, or operating systems that are commonly used by the end-users. It ensures that the system functions correctly across various platforms.
User Acceptance Criteria: UAT is conducted based on predefined acceptance criteria, which outline the conditions that must be met for the system to be accepted by the users or stakeholders. These criteria serve as the basis for evaluating the system during UAT.
The feedback and findings from UAT are documented and communicated to the development team for necessary improvements or bug fixes.
By conducting UAT, organizations can ensure that the system meets the expectations and needs of the end-users or stakeholders. It helps validate the system's readiness for deployment and provides confidence that it will deliver the desired business outcomes.
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20Non-functional Testing
In the world of testing, non-functional testing uncovers the hidden dimensions of software's quality.
Non-functional testing is a type of testing that focuses on evaluating the performance and behavior of a software application under certain conditions, rather than just verifying its functional requirements. Non-functional testing dives deep, evaluating software's attributes beyond what meets the eye
This type of testing is concerned with how well the system performs, rather than what it does.
Some examples of non-functional testing include:
Performance Testing: This type of testing evaluates the speed, scalability, and stability of a software application under various load conditions. For example, testing how quickly a website responds to a large number of simultaneous users. how quickly its webpages loads in the browser is it within the limit defined.
Load Testing: Load testing is performed to determine how a system behaves when it is under a heavy load, such as a large number of requests or transactions.
Stress Testing: This type of testing evaluates the maximum limit a software application can handle before it fails. For example, testing a website's ability to handle traffic during peak hours.
Scalability Testing: Scalability testing is performed to evaluate the ability of a software application to expand and handle an increased load as needed.
Security Testing: This type of testing evaluates the security of a software application by attempting to breach it. For example, testing the ability of a website to withstand attacks from hackers.
Usability Testing: Usability testing evaluates the ease of use and user-friendliness of a software application.
Compatibility Testing: Compatibility testing evaluates the ability of a software application to run on different hardware, operating systems, and browsers.
These are just a few examples of non-functional tes ting, and the specific types of testing performed may vary based on the specific requirements of a software application.
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21QA Testing | Quality Assurance Testing
QA testing, also known as Quality Assurance Testing, is a process of evaluating and ensuring the quality, correctness, and reliability of a software product or system. It involves systematic testing and verification activities that aim to identify defects, ensure compliance with requirements, and improve the overall quality of the software.
Code without QA testing is like a ship without a captain – it might sail, but the course is uncertain.
QA testing is a broad term that encompasses various testing activities throughout the software development lifecycle. Whatever testing is done by the project testing team is broadly referred as the QA Testing.QA Testing involves the activities which are a part of the Software testing life cycle.
Some key aspects of QA testing include:
Test Planning and Strategy:
Test Design and Execution:
Defect Identification and Tracking:
Test Documentation:
Continuous Improvement:
Collaboration and Communication:
The ultimate goal of QA testing is to deliver a high-quality software product that meets user expectations, complies with requirements, and provides a satisfactory user experience. It helps in building confidence in the software's reliability, functionality, and performance.
By implementing effective QA testing practices, organizations can minimize the risk of defects, enhance customer satisfaction, and improve the overall success of their software projects.
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22API Testing
API Testing
API testing, also known as Application Programming Interface Testing, is a type of software testing that focuses on verifying the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of an application programming interface (API).
Now a days most of the code communication means one code interact with other via APIs, so every software compose of set APIS, hence API testing is became utmost important. An API acts as a bridge that allows different software systems, components, or services to communicate and interact with each other.
API Testing validates the connections between software components for seamless communication.
API testing involves testing the individual API endpoints, request-response interactions, and the overall behavior of the API. The key aspects of API testing include:
Functional Testing: API testing verifies the correctness and functionality of the API endpoints by sending different requests and validating the corresp onding responses. It ensures that the API behaves as expected and meets the specified requirements.
Request and Response Testing: API testing evaluates the format, structure, and data integrity of the requests sent to the API and the responses received. It includes testing various HTTP methods (e.g., GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and checking the accuracy of the returned data.
Performance Testing: API testing assesses the performance and scalability of the API by subjecting it to different load levels, stress conditions, or concurrent user scenarios. It helps identify any performance b ottlenecks, latency issues, or resource limitations.
Security Testing: API testing validates the security measures implemented within the API, such as authentication, authorization, data encryption, and protection against common security vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection, cross-site scripting). It ensures the API's resistance to unauthorized access or data breaches.
Error Handling: API testing examines the API's error handling capabilities by intentionally sending incorrect or invalid requests and verifying that the API responds with appropriate error codes, error messages, and error handling mechanisms.
Integration Testing: API testing involves testing the integration of the API with other systems, components, or third-party services. It ensures that the API can properly communicate and exchange data with external entities.
API testing can be performed using various tools, frameworks, or libraries specifically designed for API testing, such as Postman, SOAPUI, or JUnit. These tools provide functionalities to send requests, validate responses, and automate the testing process.
By conducting thorough API testing, organizations can ensure the reliability, functionality, and security of their APIs. It helps in identifying and resolving issues early in the development lifecycle, promoting seamless integration, and enabling the smooth interaction between different software systems or services.
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23A/B Testing | AB Testing
AB Testing
A/B testing is a method of comparing two versions of a product, such as a website or app, to determine which version performs better. This is done by randomly splitting a sample of users into two groups, wit h one group being shown one version of the product and the other group being shown another version. The performance of the two versions is then compared based on metrics such as conversion rate, click-through rate, or user engagement.
A/B testing is used to determine the optimal design, user experience, or marketing strategy for a product by testing different variations. This allows companies to make informed decisions and improvements based on real data rather than assumptions or intuition.
Examples of A/B testing:
Website design: A company may test two different versions of its website, with different layouts, colors, or images, to determine which design results in the highest conversion rate.
Call-to-Action (CTA) buttons: A company may test different versions of a CTA button, such as different colors or text, to determine which version results in the highest click-through rate.
Email marketing: A company may test two different versions of an email campaign, with different subject lines or content, to determine which version results in the highest open or click-through rate.
Pricing strategy: A company may test different pricing strategies, such as different price points or discounts, to determine which pricing strategy results in the highest conversion rate.
A/B testing can be applied to various aspects of a product and can be used to make data-driven decisions to improve its performance.
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24Globalization Testing
Globalization Testing
Globalization testing, also known as Internationalization Testing,
it is the testing where software's reach transcends borders and languages is a type of software testing that focuses on evaluating the compatibility, functionality, and usability of a software application or system across different cultures, languages, and regions. The objective of globalization testing is to ensure that the software can be effectively used and localized for various target markets.
Globalization testing is the assurance that software's value is understood globally.
Globalization testing considers the following aspects:
1. Language Support: The software is tested to ensure that it can handle different languages, character sets, and writing systems. It involves verifying the proper rendering of text, handling of multibyte characters, and support for right-to-left languages.
2. Date and Time Formats: Globalization testing validates the software's ability to handle date and time formats used in different regions. It includes testing the correct display, input, and interpretation of date and time values.
3. Number Formats: The software is tested to ensure compatibility with various numeric formats, decimal separators, and digit grouping conventions used in different countries.
4. Currency Support: Globalization testing checks the software's ability to handle different currency symbols, formats, and currency-related calculations accurately.
5. Unicode Compliance: The software is tested for compatibility with Unicode, a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of characters and scripts used globally.
6. Cultural Sensitivity: Globalization testing evaluates the software's adherence to cultural norms and sensitivities. It includes testing localized content, symbols, icons, colors, and other visual elements to ensure they are appropriate for different cultures.
7. User Interface Localization: The software's user interface elements, such as menus, buttons, labels, and error messages, are t ested to ensure proper translation and localization. It involves verifying the correct alignment, spacing, and layout of localized content.
8. Time Zones and Internationalization: Globalization testing checks the software's handling of different time zones, daylight saving time adjustments, and other internationalization-related factors.
9. Input Validation: The software is tested for handling different input formats, including addresses, phone numbers, postal codes, and other user-entered data specific to different countries or regions.
Globalization testing helps ensure that the software can be easily localized and customized for specific target markets, without compromising its functionality, usability, or performance. It assists organizations in reaching a global audience and delivering a consistent and seamless user experience across diverse cultures and languages.
By conducting globalization testing, organizations can identify and address issues related to language support, cultural differences, and regional requirements, enabling them to produce software that is globally adaptable and meets the needs of users worldwide
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25Compliance Testing
Compliance Testing
Compliance testing, also known as regulatory testing or conformance testing, is a type of software testing that focuses on ensuring that a system, application, or product adheres to specified regulatory standards, industry-specific guidelines, or legal requirements. Compliance testing ensures that software walks the path of legality and security. "In the realm of software, compliance testing is the checkpoint for meeting industry standards.”
The purpose of compliance testing is to verify that the software meets the necessary compliance criteria and operates within the boundaries defined by relevant regulations.
Compliance testing involves evaluating the software against specific regulatory requirements or standards that are applicable to the industry or domain. The key aspects of compliance testing include:
1. Regulatory Standards: Compliance testing identifies the relevant regulatory standards, guidelines, or legal requirements that the software needs to comply with. These standards can vary depending on the industry, such as healthcare (HIPAA), finance (SOX), data protection (GDPR), or software security (OWASP).
2. Requirement Mapping: The software's functionalities, features, and security measures are mapped against the specific requirements stated in the applicable regulations or standards. This ensures that the software meets the necessary compliance obligations.
3. Security and Privacy: Compliance testing evaluates the software's security controls and measures to protect sensitive data, ensure data privacy, prevent unauthorized access, and detect and respond to security incidents. It may involve vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, or checks for encryption, authentication, or audit trail capabilities.
4. Data Protection and Retention: The software's handling of data, including data protection, retention, and disposal practices, is assessed to ensure compliance with data protection regulations. This includes verifying data encryption, consent management, data access controls, data anonymization, and secure data storage.
5. Accessibility: Compliance testing checks the software's accessibility features to ensure compliance with accessibility standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). It ensures that the software can be used by individuals with disabilities and provides appropriate accommodations for accessibility needs.
6. Documentation and Reporting: Compliance testing involves verifying that the necessary documentation and reports, such as compliance certificates, audit reports, or evidence of controls, are generated and maintained to demonstrate compliance with the applicable regulations or standards.
7. Compliance Audit Support: Compliance testing prepares the software for compliance audits by assessing its readiness, ensuring the availability of necessary documentation, and conducting internal audits to identify and address any compliance gaps.
By conducting compliance testing, organizations can demonstrate their commitment to regulatory compliance, mitigate legal and financial risks, and build trust with customers, stakeholders, and regulatory bodies.
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26Exploratory Testing
Exploratory Testing
Exploratory testing is a type of Unlike other types of testing, such as scripted testing, exploratory testing does not follow a predefined test plan or set of test cases. Instead, the tester actively investigates the application, trying out different scenarios, discovering new features and functions, and identifying potential bugs and issues.
Exploratory testing is typically performed by experienced testers who have a deep understanding of the software development process and the software application. The goal of exploratory testing is to find defects, improve the quality of the application, and increase the understanding of the application's functionality.
Exploratory testing can be done manually or using automated tools, and can be performed in parallel with other types of testing, such as regression testing and acceptance testing.
An example of exploratory testing:
A software development team is building a new e-commerce platform. To gain a deeper understanding of the platform's functionality and identify any potential issues, the team performs exploratory testing.
An experienced tester is assigned to the task of exploring the platform and testing its features and functions. The tester tries out different scenarios, such as adding items to the shopping cart, checking out, and reviewing order history.
As the tester explores the platform, they identify potential bugs and defects, such as missing functionality or incorrect calculations. The tester also provides feedback on the user experience and the overall functionality of the platform.
Based on the results of the exploratory testing, the development team can address any issues that were identified, improve the quality of the platform, and ensure that it meets the desired functional and non-functional requirements.
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27Automation Testing
Automation Testing
Automation testing is the process of using software tools to perform testing tasks that are repetitive, time-consuming, or difficult to perform manually. "Automation testing transforms repetitive tasks into efficient tests that scale.”
it is also said that "Don't just test software; automate the process to guarantee reliability.”
The goal of automation testing is to increase the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of testing, and reduce the time and resources required for manual testing.
Automation testing can be applied to various types of testing, including g, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Automation testing can also be used to perform regression testing and load testing.
An example of automation testing:
A software development team is building a web-based e-commerce platform. The platform includes a complex checkout process, which includes calculations for taxes, shipping costs, and discounts. To ensure the accuracy of the checkout process, the team performs automation testing.
The team uses a test automation tool, such as Selenium, to write test scripts that simulate different scenarios for the checkout process. The test scripts are designed to verify that the calculations for taxes, shipping costs, and discounts are correct for different items, shipping destinations, and promotions.
The automation test scripts are run multiple times, and the results are compared to the expected outcomes. The automation testing process is repeated as changes are made to the platform and new features are added.
Based on the results of the automation testing, the development team can quickly identify any issues with the checkout process, and make changes to the platform as needed. By automating the testing process, the team can save time and resources, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the checkout process before the platform is released to production.