Fluid Mechanics and Transportation
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Fluid Flow Fundamentals training course provided by Velocis Solutions aims to deliver the most fundamental and applied knowledge about fluid transport and its significant contributors. Here in this course, you will go through the following topics:
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Fluid Mechanics and Transportation
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Pump operation principles & selection
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Centrifugal & Positive Displacement Pumps
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Sizing of Pressure Changers (Pipe/Pipeline, Pump and Compressor)
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Performance Curve & capacity control of Pressure Changers (Pump and Compressor)
What you like to have an introductory information about fluid flow fundamentals? Here it is:
Although liquids particularly can be transported by operators carrying buckets, the usual mode of transport of fluids is through pipelines with pumps, compressors and etc. The continuous transport of a liquid requires a pump, and the continuous transport of a gas or vapor requires compressor. These devices are described by the general term fluid changers and basic characteristics of these fluid flow equipments are introduced in this course.
The performance of pumps and compressors is dictated by their characteristic curves and for pumps, the net positive suction head curve. Pipes and their associated fittings that are used to transport fluid through a chemical plant are usually made of metal. Pipes are sized using a nominal diameter and a schedule number. The higher the schedule number, the thicker the pipe walls, making pipes with a higher schedule number more suitable for higher-pressure operations.
Pumps are used to transport liquids, and pumps can be damaged by the presence of vapor. Positive-displacement pumps are often called constant-volume pumps because a fixed amount of liquid is taken into a chamber at a low pressure and pushed out of the chamber at a high pressure. The chamber has a fixed volume, hence the name. An example of a positive-displacement pump is a reciprocating pump
Compressor is the device that increase the pressure of gases. In a centrifugal, the impeller may spin at tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. If liquid droplets or solid particles are present in the gas, they hit the impeller blades at such high relative velocity that the impeller blades will erode rapidly and may cause bearings to become damaged, leading to mechanical failure. The compressor casing also may crack. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the gas in a centrifugal compressor does not contain solids and liquids. Positive-displacement compressors typically handle lower flowrates but can produce higher pressures compared to centrifugal compressors. Efficiencies for both types of compressor tend to be high.
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1. Introduction to fluid flow fundamentals and fluid typesFluid flow and dynamics should be regarded as the most significant element of process engineering which aims to analyze its type, physical properties, external constraints and etc. In this lecture, you will have brief information about:
The disparity between the precise definitions behind solid and fluid;
Question of "What is flow?" and
Types and various applications of fluid flow
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2. Flow Regimes and Reynolds Number
Since your system mainly deals with fluid, precisely monitoring the flow with the help of flow regimes plays a vital role. The significant guide to defining the fluid regime is the utilization of Reynolds Number which relies on the density, velocity, and viscosity of the fluid, as well as, the diameter of the pipe. In this video, you will:
Acknowledge the different types and characteristics of flow regimes and
Define them by Using the Reynolds Number
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3. Pressure Drop and Head Loss Calculations
Pressure drop and head loss calculations are the essential subtopics of fluid flow fundamentals because their implementation gives a hand to design and understand the working principles of the various equipment. This lesson will help you to:
Identify the necessity of pressure drop and head loss calculations;
Understand the close relationship between them and
Learn their calculation procedures
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4. Bernoulli's Principle
We have mentioned the importance of fluid flow and its application to different industrial processes in the previous video. Now in this video, you will:
Get into the principle behind the fluid flow which is called "Bernoulli's Principle" and
Understand the relationship between fluid pressure, elevation, and the fluid motion
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5. Line/Pipe Sizing
The practical side of fluid flow fundamentals is ready to be welcomed by our dear course takers! Here in this lesson, you will see that the previous videos are carefully implemented in Line or Pipe sizing. This lecture is dedicated to noticing:
The significance of pipe sizing and its practical sides;
Precise line sizing principle and
Two mandatory factors that affect the sizing of line or pipe
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6. Problem Solving
You have acquired robust information about fluid flow fundamentals, its application, and the principle for the practical side called "Line/Pipe Sizing". In this video, you will carefully work on the specific problems to implement what you have learned in previous lectures.
Take a piece of advice: Please pay more attention to problem-solving which will make you comprehend how to size pipe or line in an appropriate way. Watch the video, practice the problem by using your knowledge you learned, and check what you have done!
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1. Pump operation principles and selection
After learning about valves, we can go over the pumps which are also a type of pressure changers in industry and aim to deliver the fluid (mainly liquid) from one point to another by exerting extra energy on it. This video aims to give you brief information about:
The importance of pumps and their application in the industry;
How different types of pump deal with liquids and
Which factors are essential for its operation and selection
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2. Cavitation Phenomenon
Cavitation phenomenon is a necessary factor in pump selection and operation which causes the generation of bubbles in the pump. In this video, you will learn about:
What is Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)?;
The relationship between NPSH and cavitation and
How NPSH affect the pump selection and operation
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3. Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal pumps are the most preferred and used type of pumps in the industry because they can cope with high flow rates. This lesson will help you understand:
How centrifugal pumps work;
How pump performance curves are used to monitor pump operation and
The relationship between pump performance and system curve to find out an operating point of the pump
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4. System Curve and Capacity Control
Although you got aware of pump curves and their necessary factors, it will be beneficial to put some more explanations about the pump system curve. This is significant, because you, "engineers" are responsible for plotting the system curve which directly characterizes your system. In this lesson, you will get into:
The necessity of the system curve and how it is plotted and
How the capacity of the pump is controlled
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5. Multiple Pumps in Operation
As it was remarked in previous lessons, centrifugal pumps are mostly used in industry, but employing them alone sometimes may not give you the desired pressure output and therefore fluid delivery. Because of this reason, multiple pumps can be operated both in series and parallel to satisfy some specifications for the system. This lecture will give you detailed information about:
Importance of multiple pumps in series and parallel;
Affinity law and its application and
In which conditions, series or parallel pumps should be installed
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6. Positive Displacement Pumps
Positive Displacement (PD) pumps are mainly used for injection purposes in the industry because they can cope well with high operating pressures. This lesson will help you understand:
The application area and types of displacement pumps;
How positive displacement pumps work and
How pump performance curves are used to monitor pump operation
