Discover the Secrets of Effective Investing! Wall Street

During this training you will learn:

1. What business cycle are we in and what is the global mood?

2. What are important macroeconomic readings and how to interpret market correlation.

3. How to use the analyst valuation tool and how to look for cheap shares on the market.

4. Discussion of basic company analysis indicators and how to assess when shares are expensive or cheap based on annual statistics and chart analysis.

5. How to analyze company financial results, including revenue forecasts, and use the TradingView platform for technical analysis.

6. How to make decisions about selling shares and effectively manage risk on the stock market.

7. How to diversify your portfolio and how to build an investment portfolio in practice.

The first chapter of this training is intended for people who are completely unfamiliar with investing in the stock market and who have had no previous contact with the stock market. This chapter covers basic concepts such as the definition of a stock, how the stock market works, and the process of buying stocks. Terms and concepts related to investing are explained in a simple and accessible way so that participants can understand how the capital market works and what are the basic principles of investing in shares. This chapter provides a solid foundation for people starting their investing adventure, enabling them to understand the basic mechanisms and terminology related to the stock market.

Shares are defined instruments that are distinctive shares in a company's name. shares, the investor becomes a co-owner of the enterprise and has the right to participate in profits (in the form of shares) and to vote at shareholder meetings. Share prices relate to applications and conclusions on the market, and their value may increase or decrease depending on the company's financial performance, its development prospects, situation and other financial and regulatory factors. Shares are independent investment instruments on the stock exchange, enabling investors to earn from the increase in the value of the company.

ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) are collections of assets, such as stocks, bonds or commodities, that are listed on an exchange and can be bought and sold during trading, just like individual shares. Here are the key features of ETFs:

Diversification: ETFs contain portfolios of a variety of assets, which helps diversify investment risk.

Easy Accessibility: With a stock exchange listing, investors can buy and sell ETF shares in real time using the trading platform.

Low costs: ETFs often have lower management fees than traditional mutual funds.

Easy analysis: Due to transparency, investors can easily check the composition of the ETF's portfolio and current share prices.

Diversity: There are ETFs representing different industries, sectors, countries and investment strategies, allowing investors to choose the right product according to their preferences and investment goals.

Liquidity: Because ETFs are listed on an exchange, they typically have high liquidity, which means investors can easily buy and sell their shares without much impact on the market price.

Thanks to these features, ETFs have become a popular investment tool for both individual and institutional investors.

The MetaTrader 5 (MT5) platform is an advanced trading platform used by traders to trade financial markets such as Forex, stocks, commodities and cryptocurrencies. Here are its key features:

Multi-asset trading: MT5 allows you to trade a variety of financial instruments from a single interface, giving investors a wide range of investment options.

Advanced Analysis Tools: The platform offers comprehensive technical and fundamental analysis tools, including technical indicators, charts, economic event analysis, and more, helping traders make better investment decisions.

Trading Automation: MT5 supports automated trading using the so-called experts (Expert Advisors), i.e. trading algorithms that can be programmed to automatically execute transactions based on specific rules.

Cross-platform support: MT5 is available on a variety of devices, including desktop, mobile and web, enabling traders to trade from anywhere, anytime.

Security and stability: The platform is known for its high level of security and stability, which is crucial for traders who want to be sure that their data and funds are protected.

MetaTrader 5 is very popular among traders around the world due to its advanced functionality, ease of use and ability to adapt to individual preferences and investment strategies.

A trading platform is software used by traders and investors to make transactions in the financial markets. Here are the main features and goals of the trading platform:

Executing trades: The platform allows traders to buy and sell financial instruments such as stocks, currencies, commodities, indices and bonds.

Access to Financial Markets: Provides access to various financial markets around the world, allowing investors to trade a variety of instruments from a single platform.

Market Analysis: The trading platform offers market analysis tools such as charts, technical indicators, fundamental analysis and much more that help traders understand price behavior and make better investment decisions.

Risk Management: Allows traders to manage investment risk by setting stop-loss orders, profit orders, and determining position size.

Automated trading: Some trading platforms enable automated trading using trading algorithms that can be programmed to automatically execute trades based on certain rules.

Portfolio Monitoring: Enables traders to track their open positions, trading history, account balance and other key information regarding their investment portfolio.

Trading platforms are an essential tool for every trader, enabling effective investment portfolio management and implementation of trading strategies. Thanks to them, investors can quickly react to market changes and take advantage of various investment opportunities.

The business cycle is a cyclical change in economic activity that consists of periods of economic growth (expansion) and decline (recession). The key phases of the business cycle include:

Expansion: This is a period of economic growth characterized by increased production, employment, income, and consumer spending. Companies tend to increase investment and consumers are more willing to spend. Economic growth is strong and stable.

Peak: This is the culmination of an expansion where the economy reaches its highest level of activity. Investments are at their maximum level and the labor market is saturated. The prices of assets such as real estate and stocks can be very high.

Recession: A period of economic decline characterized by reduced production, employment, income and consumer spending. Investments are decreasing and unemployment is increasing. An economic decline can be caused by various factors, such as a decline in consumer demand, a financial crisis or a global slowdown.

Bottom: This is the low point in a recession where the economy reaches a minimum level of activity. Investments are low and unemployment is high. This is the period when the economy usually rebounds.

The business cycle is a natural phenomenon occurring in every economy and has a significant impact on the activities of enterprises, investment decisions and the financial condition of society. Central banks and government institutions often take actions to stabilize the economy and mitigate the effects of the business cycle.

The most important macroeconomic readings affecting the stock market include:

Economic Growth (GDP): Economic growth readings are crucial for the stock market because a strong economy promotes growth in corporate profits and usually leads to higher stock prices.

Unemployment rate: Low unemployment rates are seen as positive for the stock market because they mean a strong labor market and greater opportunities for consumption, which has a positive impact on companies' financial performance.

Inflation: The ability to control inflation is crucial to economic stability. High inflation can lead to higher costs for companies and lower purchasing power for consumers, which can negatively impact stock markets.

Central bank decisions: Central bank statements and actions, such as changes in interest rates or quantitative easing programs, can have a significant impact on stock markets by regulating the cost of capital and stimulating or inhibiting the economy.

Industrial production data: Industrial production is an important indicator of economic activity. An increase in production may suggest a growing economy, which may be beneficial for the stock market.

Retail Sales: Retail sales data can provide insight into consumer behavior and become an indicator of the overall level of economic activity.

Corporate earnings reports: Corporate financial performance is a key factor influencing stock prices. Strong earnings reports can lead to higher stock prices, while poor results can lead to lower prices.

Analyst valuations on the stock market refer to value estimates made by professional financial analysts regarding the potential value of shares of public companies. These valuations can include a number of different metrics and techniques, such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and comparative analysis.

Here are some of the main valuation methods used by analysts:

Fundamental analysis: It is based on the analysis of the company's financial data, such as revenues, profits, margins, financial ratios, cash flows, etc. Analysts try to estimate the internal value of the stock based on this data.

Benchmarking: A company is compared to other similar companies in the same industry, taking into account their valuation metrics such as price-to-earnings ratio (P/E), price-to-book ratio (P/B), and others.

Technical Analysis: It relies on the study of price patterns and trends on charts to forecast future stock price movements. Analysts use tools such as technical indicators, trend lines, and support and resistance levels.

The importance of analyst valuations on the stock market is due to several factors:

Investment Decision Assistance: Analyst valuations provide investors with vital information about a stock's potential value, helping them make better investment decisions.

Detecting Undervalued or Overvalued Stocks: By carefully analyzing market fundamentals and trends, analysts can identify stocks that are undervalued or overvalued by the market, giving investors the opportunity to make windfall profits.

Support for Institutional Investors: Analyst valuations are particularly important for institutional investors such as hedge funds, pension funds and investment banks that make large investment decisions based on fundamental analysis and assessment of company valuations.

As a result, analyst valuations are an important element of the investment process, providing investors with key information and tools needed to make rational and well-thought-out investment decisions

Finding cheap stocks can be a process that requires some skill and analysis. Here are some steps you can take to find cheap stocks:

Fundamental Analysis: Conduct fundamental analysis of companies by looking at ratios such as price to earnings (P/E), price to book value (P/B), dividend yield and more. Stocks with low ratios may be considered potentially cheap.

Financial Ratio Research: Review company financial reports, including the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and cash flow. Check whether the company has stable foundations and the ability to generate profits.

Benchmarking: Compare the company's valuation metrics with other companies in the same industry. Sometimes a stock may be considered cheap compared to its competitors.

Prospects research: Research the development prospects of the company and its industry. Companies with potentially strong fundamentals that have the potential for future growth may be considered attractive despite current low share prices.

Technical Analysis: Conduct technical analysis by examining price charts and looking for patterns and signals that may indicate potential stock buying opportunities.

Use of stock screening: Use stock screening tools that allow you to filter companies based on specific criteria such as valuation ratios, earnings growth, dividend amount, etc.

Avoiding value traps: Make sure the stock is cheap because of true undervaluation rather than fundamental problems that could lead to further price declines.

The company's basic analysis indicators include:

Beta: The beta indicator measures the sensitivity of a company's stock price to changes in the general market. A beta greater than 1 means the stock is more volatile than the market, a beta less than 1 means it is less volatile. A beta of 1 means that the stock and the market are moving at the same pace. It is a useful tool for assessing investment risk.

Price to earnings (P/E): The price/earnings ratio is the ratio of share price to net earnings per share. It helps determine whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued. A low P/E may indicate that the stock is cheap compared to its potential earnings.

Earnings per share (EPS): Earnings per share is the amount of net income per share. EPS is an important metric for assessing a company's profitability and its ability to generate profits for shareholders. Higher EPS is usually seen as a positive signal for investors.

Other important company analysis indicators include:

Price to Book Value (P/B): The ratio of a stock's price to a company's book value. It helps determine whether a stock is trading above or below its book value.

Dividend to earnings (D/P): The ratio of dividends paid per share to net earnings per share. It helps determine what percentage of profit is paid out as dividends.

Debt Ratio: The ratio of a company's debt to equity. It helps assess the company's financial risk level.

These metrics are used to assess a company's financial health and make investment decisions. Their analysis allows investors to better understand whether a given company is an attractive investment.

Statistical stock analysis is an important tool for traders and investors who seek to understand market behavior, identify patterns and trends, and make better investment decisions. By using statistical tools, you can gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the stock market and increase your chances of achieving investment success.

Statistical stock analysis is an important tool for traders and investors who seek to understand market behavior, identify patterns and trends, and make better investment decisions. By using statistical tools, you can gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the stock market and increase your chances of achieving investment success.

Analysis of financial results of listed companies is the process of assessing the financial health and operational performance of a company based on the presented financial reports. It involves examining various financial aspects of the company, including:

Profit and Loss Statement (Profit and Loss Statement): An analysis of a company's income and expenses that allows you to understand how much revenue the company generates and what its operating costs, net profits and profit margins are.

Balance Sheet: An assessment of a company's assets, liabilities and equity over a given period, which allows you to understand its ability to repay liabilities, financial stability and debt levels.

Cash Flow: Analyzing a company's cash flow allows you to understand how the company generates and uses cash, including payments related to operating, investing and financing activities.

Financial Ratios: The use of various financial ratios such as profitability, liquidity, debt and efficiency ratios to assess a company's performance and financial health.

Benchmarking: Comparing a company's financial performance to other companies in the same industry or sector to assess its competitive position and performance relative to the market.

Analysis of financial results is a key tool for investors who try to assess the investment attractiveness of a company. It allows you to understand whether the company has stable foundations, generates profits and cash, and whether it is able to achieve growth in the future. For a company's management, analyzing financial results is important to monitor operational performance, identify areas for improvement and make strategic decisions.

Analyzing historical revenues and revenue forecasts is a key element in assessing a company's financial health and growth potential. Here's how you can perform this analysis:

Historical revenue analysis:

Data Collection: Focus on the company's historical financial reports, especially the profit and loss statement, to identify revenues for previous periods.

Time Charts: Create time charts showing your company's revenue over specific periods to see its volatility and trend of growth or decline.

Trend Analysis: Analyze the trend of historical revenue to identify possible seasonal patterns, long-term trends of growth or decline, and factors influencing changes in revenue.

Growth Ratios: Focus on growth metrics, such as the annual revenue growth rate, to assess the rate at which the company is growing its revenues.

Revenue forecasts:

Fundamental analysis: Use macroeconomic data, market trends, industry competitiveness analysis and internal company data to develop revenue forecasts.

Use of forecasting models: Use forecasting models such as trend models, time series analysis, and regression methods to forecast a company's future revenues based on historical data.

Consultation with analysts: Take advantage of the opinions of financial analysts and industry experts who can help you develop reliable revenue forecasts based on a comprehensive analysis of the company and its market environment.

News monitoring: Stay up to date with changes in the market situation, new industry trends and possible changes in the company's business strategy to adapt revenue forecasts to changing conditions.

Analysis of historical revenues and revenue forecasts are key elements in assessing a company's investment prospects. They help investors understand revenue patterns and trends and forecast future business growth, which is important for making investment decisions.

Technical analysis of companies is used by traders and investors to make investment decisions, especially in the short or medium term. It helps you identify investment opportunities, determine support and resistance levels, and assess the potential risks and rewards of stock market transactions. However, technical analysis does not take into account fundamental aspects of the company, such as its financial results or competitive position, which may be a limitation in the investment decision-making process.

A video devoted to the question "When to sell shares?" will focus on the key factors influencing this decision. In the first part, we will discuss the process of determining when a stock may be overvalued. For this purpose, various indicators should be analyzed, such as the price-to-earnings ratio (P/E), price-to-book ratio (P/B), or technical analysis, to identify the moment when the share price may be overvalued in relation to its fundamental value.

Then we will focus on the importance of choosing the right investment horizon. When trading short-term or long-term, we need to consider different factors and strategies. The decision to sell shares should be tailored to our investment goals and risk tolerance.

In the video, we will present examples of situations when selling shares may be justified and discuss what steps should be taken to make informed and well-thought-out investment decisions.

Dividend companies are companies that regularly pay dividends to their shareholders. Dividends are part of the profits generated by a company that are paid to shareholders as a reward for owning shares. There are several key features that characterize dividend companies:

Income stability: Dividend companies typically have stable and predictable sources of income, which allows them to pay dividends regularly even during difficult economic periods.

Payout history: Dividend companies usually have a long history of paying dividends to their shareholders. Steady and growing dividends are seen as a sign of a company's stability and financial success.

High Dividend Ratio: The dividend ratio is the ratio of the dividend paid to the share price. Dividend companies often have a relatively high dividend yield, which means that dividends represent a significant portion of income for investors.

Ability to Generate Cash: Dividend companies typically have the ability to generate stable cash flows, which allows them to pay dividends regularly without having to raise additional capital.

Share price stability: Dividend-paying companies may be seen as more stable during downturns because regular dividend payments can support share prices.

Investors often look to dividend stocks as a source of passive income, especially during periods of low interest rates or uncertainty in financial markets. However, before investing in dividend stocks, it is important to conduct proper fundamental analysis to ensure that the company has the ability and willingness to continue paying dividends in the future.

Equity portfolio diversification is an investment strategy that involves dispersing capital among various assets or financial instruments in order to reduce investment risk. Here are the key aspects related to the diversification of an equity portfolio:

Spreading risk: Diversification allows you to minimize investment risk by investing in different industries, economic sectors, geographic regions and types of assets. When one part of the portfolio experiences declines, others may continue to earn profits or be less affected by market changes.

Achieving stability: Through diversification, you can achieve more stable and predictable investment results because different assets or financial instruments may respond differently to changing market conditions and economic situations.

Limiting the impact of single events: By dispersing investments, the risk associated with single events, such as bankruptcy or a sudden change in the price of a given company's shares, is limited. The impact of such events on the overall portfolio is less when the capital is spread across many different assets.

Optimizing the risk-reward ratio: Through diversification, an investor can minimize risk while maintaining the potential to achieve satisfactory returns. This is especially important for investors who strive to achieve a balance between risk and possible benefits.

Reducing the Impact of Emotions: Diversification can also help investors manage emotions related to investing because it reduces the tendency to make impulsive investment decisions based on short-term market movements.

Diversification of an equity portfolio is a key element of effective investment risk management and can be used by investors with different risk profiles and investment goals. By properly allocating capital between various assets, investors can increase the stability of their portfolio and minimize the risk of loss.

The correlation between individual stocks reflects the interrelationship of the prices of those stocks in the market. It can be positive when the prices of two stocks rise or fall simultaneously, or negative when the prices of those stocks move in opposite directions. Key aspects regarding correlation between stocks:

Positive correlation: Stocks whose prices rise together have a high positive correlation. This may be due to similar market conditions, industry trends or effects on macroeconomic markets.

Negative Correlation: Stocks whose prices move in opposite directions have a negative correlation. This may be due to differences in business cycles, specific industry factors or other macroeconomic factors.

Near Zero Correlation: No correlation or a correlation close to zero suggests that the prices of two stocks have no clear relationship to each other and may be reacting to different factors.

Degree of Correlation: The degree of correlation between stocks can be measured using the Pearson correlation coefficient or other statistical methods. Correlation coefficient values ​​may change over time, so regular monitoring is important.

Portfolio diversification: Understanding the correlation between stocks is important for effective portfolio diversification. Investing in low correlation stocks can help minimize investment risk by simultaneously investing in different assets that are not highly correlated with each other.

Investors often analyze the correlation between stocks to understand how different factors affect markets and industries and how portfolio diversification can be optimized to minimize risk and maximize potential returns.

Statistics on the performance of the S&P 500 Index (SP500) relating to price movements from peak to trough, over a period of 20 years, can be summarized as follows:

The stock fell 4% or less on 70 occasions.

The stock fell by 4-6% in 33 cases.

The stock fell by 6-10% in 29 cases.

The price fell by 10-16% in 9 cases.

The rate dropped by 16-25% in 1 case.

The stock dropped by 55% in 1 case.

These statistics illustrate the variety of price movements in the stock market and can be used to analyze risk and predict future price behavior. It's also worth remembering that these numbers represent the past and do not guarantee future results. Therefore, it is important to conduct ongoing market analysis and use various tools to manage investment risk.