Programming with C++ Language: The Complete Course

Quiz based on Section 1

A basic structure of a C++ program includes the following elements:

1. Preprocessor Directives: These are the lines that start with a pound sign (#). They are used to include libraries and other files in the program. For example:

   #include <iostream>

   #include <cmath>

2. Namespace Declaration: This line declares the namespace to be used in the program. The standard namespace for C++ is std. For example:

   using namespace std;

3. Main Function: The main function is the entry point of a C++ program. All C++ programs must have a main function. The code inside the main function will be executed first when the program runs. For example:

   int main()

   {

   // program statements go here

   return 0;

   }

4. Variables Declaration: Variables can be declared inside the main function. A variable has a data type, a name, and an optional value. For example:

   int a = 10;

   double b = 20.5;

   string name = "John Doe";

5. Statements and Expressions: Statements are instructions that perform actions. Expressions are combinations of variables and operators that evaluate to a value. Both statements and expressions can be included in the main function. For example:

   cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;

   int sum = a + b;

6. Function calls: Functions can be called from the main function or from other functions. Functions are used to encapsulate a block of code and can be reused multiple times. For example:

   cout << "The sum is: " << sum << endl;

   printResult(sum);

This is a basic structure of a C++ program. Depending on the requirements, a C++ program can include more elements such as classes, objects, arrays, loops, conditional statements, etc.

Here's an example of a basic "Hello, World!" program in C++:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

      cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;

      return 0;

}

Explanation:

1. The first line, #include <iostream>, is a preprocessor directive that includes the iostream library, which provides input and output capabilities to the program.

2. The line using namespace std; declares the std namespace, which contains the standard library functions.

3. The main function is the entry point of the program and it returns an int value. In this example, it returns 0, which indicates that the program ran successfully.

4. The line cout << "Hello, World!" << endl; uses the cout object from the iostream library to print the string "Hello, World!" to the standard output (usually the console). The endl is a special manipulator that adds a newline character after the output.

This program can be saved in a text file with a .cpp extension and compiled using a C++ compiler to produce an executable file. When run, the program will print "Hello, World!" to the console.

In C++, variables are used to store values in memory, while constants are used to store values that cannot be changed during the execution of the program.

Variables are declared by specifying the data type followed by the name of the variable. For example:

int age;

double weight;

string name;

Variables can also be initialized at the time of declaration, as shown below:

int age = 30;

double weight = 75.5;

string name = "John Doe";

Constants, on the other hand, are declared using the keyword const. Constants must also be initialized at the time of declaration and their values cannot be changed later in the program. For example:

const int MAX_AGE = 120;

const double PI = 3.14159;

const string APP_NAME = "MyApp";

Note that the names of constants are usually written in uppercase letters to distinguish them from variables.

In C++, there are also several data types available for variables and constants, including int (for integers), double (for floating-point numbers), char (for single characters), bool (for Boolean values), and string (for strings of characters).

C++ provides several built-in data types for storing different types of values, including:

1. int: An integer type that can store whole numbers within a certain range (usually -2147483648 to 2147483647).

2. float: A floating-point type that can store fractional numbers with single precision.

3. double: A floating-point type that can store fractional numbers with double precision.

4. char: A character type that can store a single character, such as a letter, symbol, or digit. It's stored as an integer value in the computer's memory and typically uses 1 byte of memory.

5. bool: A Boolean type that can store either true or false.

6. void: A special type that represents the absence of a type. It is used as the return type for functions that do not return a value.

In addition to these basic data types, C++ also provides several other data types, including arrays, structures, classes, and more. It's important to choose the appropriate data type for a given situation to ensure the program behaves correctly and uses memory efficiently.

Here are five basic example programs in C++:

1. "Hello, World!" program:

   #include <iostream>

   using namespace std;

   
   

   int main()

   {

       cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;

       return 0;

   }

2. Addition of two numbers program:

   #include <iostream>

   using namespace std;

   
   

   int main()

   {

       int num1, num2, sum;

   
   

       cout << "Enter two numbers: ";

       cin >> num1 >> num2;

   
   

       sum = num1 + num2;

       cout << "The sum is: " << sum << endl;

   
   

       return 0;

   }

3. Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit program:

   #include <iostream>

   using namespace std;

   
   

   int main()

   {

       double celsius, fahrenheit;

   
   

       cout << "Enter temperature in Celsius: ";

       cin >> celsius;

   
   

       fahrenheit = (celsius * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32;

       cout << "Temperature in Fahrenheit: " << fahrenheit << endl;

   
   

       return 0;

   }

   
   

   
   

Quiz based on Section 3

Quiz Based on Section 4(Operators and Expression)

Quiz based on Section 5 (Decision making statements in C++)

Quiz based on Section 6(Looping Statement)

Quiz based on Section 7(Array)

Quiz based on Section 8(Working with String)

Quiz based on Section 9(Pointers in C++)

Quiz based on Section 10 (Working with Functions)

Quiz on Section 11(Object Oriented Programming)

Quiz Based on Section 12 (Class and Objects)

Quiz based on Section 13(Operator Overloading)

Quiz based on Section 14(Inheritance)