General Chemistry with basic concepts/keyword of chemistry

This is the introduction video

State the distinguishing properties of solids,

liquids and gases

Describe the structure of solids, liquids

and gases in terms of particle separation,

arrangement and types of motion

Describe changes of state in terms of

melting, boiling, evaporation, freezing,

condensation and sublimation

Explain changes of state in terms of the

kinetic theory

Show an understanding of the random motion

of particles in a suspension (sometimes

known as Brownian motion) as evidence for

the kinetic particle (atoms, molecules or ions)

model of matter

Describe and explain Brownian motion in

terms of random molecular bombardment

State evidence for Brownian motion

Describe and explain diffusion

Describe and explain dependence of rate of

diffusion on molecular mass

Name appropriate apparatus for the

measurement of time, temperature, mass

and volume, including burettes, pipettes and

measuring cylinders

Purity
Criteria of purity

Purity
Criteria of purity

Describe and explain methods of purification

by the use of a suitable solvent, filtration,

crystallisation and distillation (including

use of a fractionating column)

Suggest suitable purification techniques,

given information about the substances

involved

Describe and explain methods of purification

by the use of a suitable solvent, filtration,

crystallisation and distillation (including

use of a fractionating column)

Suggest suitable purification techniques,

given information about the substances

involved

Describe and explain methods of purification

by the use of a suitable solvent, filtration,

crystallisation and distillation (including

use of a fractionating column)

Suggest suitable purification techniques,

given information about the substances

involved

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding

of paper chromatography

•

Interpret simple chromatograms

•

Identify substances and assess their

purity from melting point and boiling point

information

•

Understand the importance of purity in

substances in everyday life, e.g. foodstuffs

and drugs

Supplement

•

Interpret simple chromatograms, including

the use of

R

f

values

•

Outline how chromatography techniques

can be applied to colourless substances by

exposing chromatograms to substances

called locating agents.

State the relative charges and approximate relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons

• Define proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

• Define nucleon number (mass number) as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the Periodic Table

Define isotopes as atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but a different nucleon number

State medical and industrial uses of radioactive isotopes

Describe the build-up of electrons in ‘shells’ and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures and of the outer shell electrons. (The ideas of the distribution of electrons in s and p orbitals and in d block elements are not required.

Describe the formation of ions by electron loss or gain

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements

Describe the lattice structure of ionic compounds as a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions

Describe the formation of ions by electron loss or gain

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements

Describe the lattice structure of ionic compounds as a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions

Describe the formation of ions by electron loss or gain

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII

Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements

Describe the lattice structure of ionic compounds as a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions

Describe the formation of single covalent bonds in H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3 and HCl as the sharing of pairs of electrons leading to the noble gas configuration

Describe the electron arrangement in more complex covalent molecules such as N2, C2H4, CH3OH and CO2

Describe the giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond

Relate their structures to their uses, e.g. graphite as a lubricant and a conductor, and diamond in cutting tools

Describe the macromolecular structure of silicon(IV) oxide (silicon dioxide)

Describe the similarity in properties between diamond and silicon(IV) oxide, related to their structure

Describe the differences in volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity between ionic and covalent compounds

Explain the differences in melting point and boiling point of ionic and covalent compounds in terms of attractive forces

Describe metallic bonding as a lattice of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’ and use this to describe the electrical conductivity and malleability of metals

Describe metallic bonding as a lattice of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’ and use this to describe the electrical conductivity and malleability of metal

difference between metals & non-metals

Explanation about elements, mixtures and compounds.

Define alloys and give examples

Describe the Periodic Table as a method of classifying elements and its use to predict properties of elements

Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a periodSupplement

Describe and explain the relationship between Group number, number of outer shell electrons and metallic/non-metallic character

Describe lithium, sodium and potassium in Group I as a collection of relatively soft metals showing a trend in melting point, density and reaction with water

Describe the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group VII, as a collection of diatomic non-metals showing a trend in colour and density and state their reaction with other halide ions

Describe the noble gases, in Group VIII or 0, as being unreactive, monoatomic gases and explain this in terms of electronic structure

State the uses of the noble gases in providing an inert atmosphere, i.e. argon in lamps, helium for filling balloons

Describe the transition elements as a collection of metals having high densities, high melting points and forming coloured compounds, and which, as elements and compounds, often act as catalystsSupplement

Know that transition elements have variable oxidation states